This essay examines the phenomenon of guilt as an inherently cultural construct that is inextricably linked to a sense of authenticity and righteousness. The author posits that the capacity to perceive guilt requires a process of cultivation, much like aesthetic sensitivity in music or painting. The text critically reflects on an observation by psychiatrist Cyril Höschl, who noted that individuals after the fall of the former regime often avoided personal feelings of guilt through defense mechanisms and displacement to maintain their own integrity. However, the author characterizes this as "pseudo-integrity" and argues that guilt remains an objective reality even when the perpetrator does not consciously acknowledge or admit it. Guilt is then situated within a deeper philosophical framework, referencing Anaximander and his concept of injustice (adikia) as something that accompanies the very emergence and existence of all beings. The essay thus offers a comparison between scientific and philosophical approaches to the questions of moral responsibility and justice within national history.