This reflection explores the meaning and definition of meontology as a philosophical discipline focused on the study of non-being. While ontology, named much later following Aristotle's definition of the science of being, constitutes the traditional foundation of philosophy, meontology focuses on what seemingly lacks sense – the non-existent. However, the author highlights the problematic nature of the distinction between being and non-being, referencing Plato's dialogue The Sophist, where the Eleatic Stranger notes that defining non-being is no easier than defining being. The text argues that it is precisely the inability of traditional ontology to satisfactorily address the question of the being of non-being that necessitates the establishment of meontology as a distinct discipline. This new approach represents a necessary attempt to resolve profound ontological paradoxes that remain unexplained within classical metaphysics. Meontology is thus not a mere opposite of ontology, but its essential counterpart, striving for a deeper understanding of reality through the analysis of what lies beyond the sphere of simple existence.