This text discusses the method of comparison and its two primary objectives: organizing phenomena and achieving a deeper understanding of them. The first approach focuses on identifying similarities, which facilitates the classification of objects into categories, species, or genera. In this context, differences are secondary. Conversely, the second approach emphasizes differences, which are crucial for understanding the specificity and uniqueness of a given subject. The author highlights that these two directions are not contradictory but complementary. The choice of approach depends on the context: while in natural sciences such as zoology or botany, the priority is taxonomic classification based on shared traits, in humanities or the arts, it is essential to identify individual characteristics that distinguish a creator from others. Comparison thus serves as a tool for defining identity through both contrast and consensus within the framework of scientific or artistic inquiry.