This text explores Jan Patočka's philosophical distinction between the "positive" and the "deficient" modes of being. The analysis argues that by employing this terminology, Patočka remains deeply influenced by the traditions of ancient Greek metaphysics. Within this historical framework, whatever could not be strictly defined as "being" was regarded at best as a deficient form of existence, or at worst, as non-existent "nothingness." The study examines how Patočka’s conceptual framework mirrors the classical Greek hierarchy that prioritizes full presence and ontological positivity over absence or lack. By investigating these terminological roots, the text highlights the tension between modern phenomenological inquiry and its ancient metaphysical heritage. It further considers the implications of such a distinction for Patočka’s broader philosophical system, particularly regarding his interpretation of phenomena that do not fit into traditional categories of existence. Ultimately, the abstract suggests that Patočka’s reliance on these categories reveals a persistent ontological commitment to the Greek understanding of the relationship between being, deficiency, and non-existence.