The text explores the evaluation of the moral profile of individuals and societies. The author argues that assessing morality transcends the mere registration of facts or observed behaviors. To truly understand human character and hierarchy of values, one must engage their own standards and take personal responsibility for their judgments. A significant portion of the reflection is dedicated to understanding historical figures. True comprehension of their moral situation requires a sense of "contemporaneity," effectively bridging the temporal gap by either transposing ourselves into their era or bringing them into our presence. This connection is not rooted in a static human nature or shared historical givens. Instead, what unites people across time and space is not a common biological or historical essence, but rather that which "holds true" or is "valid" for both parties. The author rejects the simplistic notion that the human condition is identical across ages, locating the common bond in the normative foundations of existence.