These notes provide an overview of John Locke’s political philosophy as presented in his Second Treatise of Government. The text explores the transition from the state of nature to civil society through the lens of individual rights. In the state of nature, individuals enjoy perfect freedom and equality under the law of nature, which is synonymous with reason and mandates the preservation of life, liberty, and property. However, the absence of a common authority to resolve disputes often leads to the state of war, a condition of enmity and destruction. To escape this instability, individuals give their voluntary consent to form a civil society. This transition establishes a unified body with legislative, judicial, and executive powers. The primary purpose of this organized society is the preservation of property—a comprehensive term encompassing life, liberty, and estate. Ultimately, political power is justified only by its commitment to the common good and the effective protection of the fundamental rights of all its citizens.