This text explores the ontological and semantic distinction between the concepts of identity and sameness. The author highlights the ambiguity of the Czech term for sameness, which often implies mere similarity or relies on external quantification, such as counting or weighing. Using the example of a pile and its constituent parts, the text demonstrates that a pile lacks inherent selfhood and therefore cannot be considered identical in the full sense of the word. The discussion moves to the level of primordial particles, arguing that even if two particles are perfectly the same, they cannot be identical because they occupy different points in space and time. A key conclusion is that identity fundamentally excludes sameness. The text concludes by suggesting how these philosophical categories apply to the question of human identity and its potential loss. This distinction between entities that are merely interchangeable and those that possess unique identity forms the core of the author's inquiry into the nature of the objective world.