This document examines the concept of original sin, identified in theological and linguistic contexts by the Latin term peccatum originale. The analysis explores the etymology of the word peccatum and its profound significance within Christian dogma. Original sin represents a fundamental concept in theological anthropology, describing the state of human alienation from God resulting from the fall of the first humans. The text illuminates how Latin terminology has shaped Western thought regarding guilt, punishment, and redemption. Particular emphasis is placed on the distinction between personal sin and the inherited state of sinfulness that affects all of humanity. Studying this term allows for a better understanding of the historical development of church doctrine and its influence on moral philosophy. Although the starting point is a brief definition, the analysis moves toward the broader implications for human existence and spiritual responsibility. The document serves as an introduction to the issue of sin from the perspective of the Latin tradition, providing the essential terminological framework for further research in systematic theology.