This text analyzes Aristotle's concept of teaching (didaskalia) and learning from knowledge (mathesis) based on the opening passages of his Posterior Analytics. Aristotle posits the fundamental thesis that all intellectual teaching and learning proceed from already existing, pre-existing knowledge. The author of the text evaluates this assumption critically, describing it as problematic because it focuses exclusively on the cognitive component of knowledge and neglects other forms of acquiring abilities. The argument is supplemented by a comparative biological perspective, pointing out learning processes in higher vertebrates, such as mammals and birds. These animals learn primarily through the imitation of adult behavior, which represents a mechanism fundamentally different from the simple acquisition of abstract "knowledge." The text emphasizes that imitation as a way of learning is not identical to the Aristotelian concept of logical inference from existing knowledge. Through this comparison, the author opens space for a broader discussion on the nature of pedagogy and epistemology, which transcends the boundaries of purely intellectual information transfer and includes the behavioral aspects of organic development.