This text examines a fragment by the 5th-century BC Greek sophist Alcidamas, who asserted that "God set all men free; nature has made no man a slave." The analysis focuses on the distinct roles assigned to God and nature within Alcidamas' thought. While nature accounts for individual physical variations, such as eye color or physical strength, it is explicitly rejected as a source of slavery. Slavery is characterized as a purely human invention lacking any foundation in the natural order. Conversely, freedom is presented as a universal divine gift rather than a mere social construct. The text argues that Alcidamas maintained a clear distinction between the divine and the natural realms: God serves as the guarantor of universal freedom, whereas nature governs biological diversity. This philosophical inquiry highlights an early critique of slavery rooted in the tension between physis (nature) and nomos (custom), positioning freedom as a fundamental attribute bestowed by the divine. The distinction prevents God from being simplified into a mere synonym for natural law.