This study explores the interpretation of a surviving fragment of the teachings of the Greek sophist Alcidamas from the late 5th century BC, as recorded in the scholia to Aristotle's Rhetoric. Alcidamas presents a radical thesis that fundamentally distinguishes the ontological origins of freedom and slavery. According to Alcidamas, freedom is a divine gift bestowed upon every individual without distinction, whereas slavery lacks any natural foundation. By asserting that no one is a slave by nature, Alcidamas directly challenges the social hierarchies of his time. The text further reflects on the fact that, in this conception, freedom is not contingent upon the existence of the city-state (the polis) or political conventions, which stands in sharp contrast to Aristotle's later doctrine of man as a naturally political being. The reflection thus points to an early attempt to establish a concept of universal freedom outside the realm of human laws and natural determinants. This approach represents a pivotal moment in the history of political thought, as it defines freedom as a transcendent quality of the individual that precedes any social arrangement or the political status of a citizen.