Ladislav Hejdánek's 1960 study examines T. G. Masaryk's philosophy of the state. Masaryk views the state as a positive historical force against anarchism but warns against its absolutization. He emphasizes that the state's function is limited and evolving toward functional differentiation, where economic and intellectual spheres gain independence. A central theme is the anchoring of human life in multiple dimensions, with public life being only one. Masaryk's religious perspective, summarized by the motto 'Jesus, not Caesar,' informs his concept of 'non-political politics' and his rejection of the power-based state. The text also contrasts Masaryk's views with those of Marx and Engels, critiquing their theories and the romantic, Hegelian conception of the state. Furthermore, Masaryk rejects classical liberalism and positions democracy as a crucial stage in political development, reconciling the role of the state with individual freedom and moral responsibility while preventing the state from dominating all aspects of human existence.